beginnings of the Universe -cern & LHC -Chib (3P)

Scientists looking into the beginnings of the Universe have found their first new sub-atomic particle - although not the one they were looking for.

Large Hadron Collider scientists including a group from the Universities of Birmingham and Lancaster have detected their first new subatomic particle. They say the particle will help them understand the basic force which holds the Universe together.

Known as Chib (3P) it is a “boson” like the fabled Higgs particle - known as the “God particle” - believed to underpin the mechanics of mass. Chib(3P) provides a new way of combining two other elementary particles, the “beauty” quark and its antiquark, so that they bind together.Quarks are the building blocks of protons and neutrons, which form the cores of atoms.

What is thought to be a clear signal of the particle was found in data from Atlas, one of the Large Hadron Collider’s four huge detectors.Dr Miriam Watson, a research fellow working in the Birmingham group said: “The lighter partners of the Chib(3P) were observed around 25 years ago. Our new measurements are a great way to test theoretical calculations of the forces that act on fundamental particles, and will move us a step closer to understanding how the universe is held together.”

The £4 billion particle accelerator, dubbed the “Big Bang Machine”, fills a 27-kilometre circular tunnel that straddles the Swiss-French border near Geneva. It is designed to recreate the conditions moments after the Big Bang that created the universe 13.7 billion years ago.

The LHC examines the fundamental questions of physics by colliding proton particles together and examining the wreckage.Unlike the hypothetical Higgs, which is not made up of smaller particles, Chib(3P) combines two heavy objects via the same “strong” force that holds the atomic nucleus together.

Professor Roger Jones, of Lancaster University, who works on the Atlas detector at the LHC said: ““It’s interesting for what it tells us about the forces that hold the quark and the anti-quark together - the strong nuclear force. And that’s the same force that holds, for instance, the atomic nucleus together with its protons and the neutrons.

“The better we understand the strong force, the more we understand a large part of the data that we see, which is quite often the background to the more exciting things we are looking for, like the Higgs.

“While people are rightly interested in the Higgs boson, which we believe gives particles their mass and may have started to reveal itself, a lot of the mass of everyday objects comes from the strong interaction we are investigating.

“So, it’s helping put together that basic understanding that we have and need to do the new physics.”

The European Organization for Nuclear Research (French: Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire), known as CERN  is an international organization whose purpose is to operate the world's largest particle physics laboratory, which is situated in the northwest suburbs of Geneva on the Franco–Swiss border

 . Established in 1954, the organization has twenty European member states.  INDIA JOINED IN 2002

The term CERN is also used to refer to the laboratory itself, which employs just under 2400 full-time employees and hosts some 10000 visiting scientists and engineers representing 608 universities and research facilities and 113 nationalities.

• CERN's main function is to provide the particle accelerators and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics research. Numerous experiments have been constructed at CERN by international collaborations to make use of them.
• It is also the birthplace of the World Wide Web. The main site at Meyrin also has a large computer centre containing very powerful data-processing facilities primarily for experimental data analysis and, because of the need to make them available to researchers elsewhere, has historically been a major wide area networking hub.
• The convention establishing CERN was ratified on 29 September 1954 by 12 countries in Western Europe.^a[›][1] The acronym CERN originally stood, in French, for Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (European Council for Nuclear Research), which was a provisional council for setting up the laboratory, established by 12 European governments in 1952
• The World Wide Web began as a CERN project called ENQUIRE, initiated by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 and Robert Cailliau in 1990.^[9] Berners-Lee and Cailliau were jointly honored by the Association for Computing Machinery in 1995 for their contributions to the development of the World Wide Web.

Based on the concept of hypertext, the project was aimed at facilitating sharing information among researchers. The first website went on-line in 1991. On 30 April 1993, CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to anyone. A copy^[10] of the original first webpage, created by Berners-Lee, is still published on the World Wide Web Consortium's website as a historical document.

• This Cisco Systems router at CERN was probably one of the first IP routers deployed in Europe.
• Prior to the Web's development, CERN had been a pioneer in the introduction of Internet technology, beginning in the early 1980s. A short history of this period can be found at CERN.ch.^[11]
• More recently, CERN has become a centre for the development of grid computing, hosting among others the Enabling Grids for E-sciencE (EGEE) and LHC Computing Grid projects. It also hosts the CERN Internet Exchange Point (CIXP), one of the two main Internet Exchange Points in Switzerland.
• new team of scientists for CERN, Icarus, that the previous experiment was most likely flawed and will be retested by scientists of both the Opera and Icarus teams^[13]; on 16th March, CERN came up with press release, saying the results were flawed due to incorrectly connected GPS-synchronization cable. THAT THE PARTICLE SO CALLED  DISCOVERED DOESNT TRAVEL FASTER THAN SPEED OF LIGHT.