Wednesday, May 2, 2012

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are fatty acids that contain more than one double bond in their backbone.
  • This class includes many important compounds, such as essential fatty acids 
  •  ( omega 3 ,6,9) and those that give drying oils their characteristic property.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids can be classified in various groups by their chemical structure:

Omega-3
Omega-3 fatty acids
Common nameLipid nameChemical name
Hexadecatrienoic acid (HTA)16:3 (n-3)all-cis 7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic acid
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)18:3 (n-3)all-cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid
Stearidonic acid (SDA)18:4 (n-3)all-cis-6,9,12,15,-octadecatetraenoic acid
Eicosatrienoic acid (ETE)20:3 (n-3)all-cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid
Eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA)20:4 (n-3)all-cis-8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, Timnodonic acid)20:5 (n-3)all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid
Heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA)21:5 (n-3)all-cis-6,9,12,15,18-heneicosapentaenoic acid
Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, Clupanodonic acid)22:5 (n-3)all-cis-7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, Cervonic acid)22:6 (n-3)all-cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid
Tetracosapentaenoic acid24:5 (n-3)all-cis-9,12,15,18,21-tetracosapentaenoic acid
Tetracosahexaenoic acid (Nisinic acid)24:6 (n-3)all-cis-6,9,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic acid

[edit] Omega-6

Omega-6 fatty acids
Common nameLipid nameChemical name
Linoleic acid18:2 (n-6)all-cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)18:3 (n-6)all-cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid
Eicosadienoic acid20:2 (n-6)all-cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA)20:3 (n-6)all-cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid
Arachidonic acid (AA)20:4 (n-6)all-cis-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
Docosadienoic acid22:2 (n-6)all-cis-13,16-docosadienoic acid
Adrenic acid22:4 (n-6)all-cis-7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid
Docosapentaenoic acid (Osbond acid)22:5 (n-6)all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid
Tetracosatetraenoic acid24:4 (n-6)all-cis-9,12,15,18-tetracosatetraenoic acid
Tetracosapentaenoic acid24:5 (n-6)all-cis-6,9,12,15,18-tetracosapentaenoic acid

[edit] Omega-9

Omega-9 fatty acids, mono- and polyunsaturated
Common nameLipid nameChemical name
Oleic acid18:1 (n-9)cis-9-octadecenoic acid
Eicosenoic acid20:1 (n-9)cis-11-eicosenoic acid
Mead acid20:3 (n-9)all-cis-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid
Erucic acid22:1 (n-9)cis-13-docosenoic acid
Nervonic acid24:1 (n-9)cis-15-tetracosenoic acid
Monounsaturated

[edit] Conjugated fatty acids

Conjugated double bonds
-C=C-C=C-
Conjugated fatty acids have two or more conjugated double bonds
Common nameLipid nameChemical name
Conjugated Linoleic Acids (two conjugated double bonds)
Rumenic acid18:2 (n-7)9Z,11E-octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid
18:2 (n-6)10E,12Z-octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid
Conjugated Linolenic Acids (three conjugated double bonds)
α-Calendic acid18:3 (n-6)8E,10E,12Z-octadecatrienoic acid
β-Calendic acid18:3 (n-6)8E,10E,12E-octadecatrienoic acid
Jacaric acid18:3 (n-6)8E,10Z,12E-octadecatrienoic acid
α-Eleostearic acid18:3 (n-5)9Z,11E,13E-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid
β-Eleostearic acid18:3 (n-5)9E,11E,13E-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid
Catalpic acid18:3 (n-5)9Z,11Z,13E-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid
Punicic acid18:3 (n-5)9Z,11E,13Z-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid
Other
Rumelenic acid18:3 (n-3)9E,11Z,15E-octadeca-9,11,15-trienoic acid
α-Parinaric acid18:4 (n-3)9E,11Z,13Z,15E-octadeca-9,11,13,15-trienoic acid
β-Parinaric acid18:4 (n-3)all trans-octadeca-9,11,13,15-trienoic acid
Bosseopentaenoic acid20:5 (n-6)5Z,8Z,10E,12E,14Z-eicosanoic acid

[edit] Other Polyunsaturates

Common nameLipid nameChemical name
Pinolenic acid18:3 (n-6)(5Z,9Z,12Z)-octadeca-5,9,12-trienoic acid
Podocarpic acid20:3 (n-6)(5Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosa-5,11,14-trienoic acid

[edit] Function and effects

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