·
Total investment
in
infrastructure during the Eleventh Plan is estimated to increase to more than 8
per
cent of GDP in the terminal year of the Plan --higher by 2.47 percentage
points
as compared to the Tenth Plan. The private sector is expected to be
contributing nearly 36 per cent
of this investment.
·
The Planning Commission, in its approach paper has projected an
investment of over ` 45 lakh crore (for about US $1 trilion) during the TwelfthPlan
(2012-17). It is projected that at least 50 per
cent of this investment
will come from the private
sector as against the 36 per cent anticipated in
the Eleventh Plan and public sector investment will
need to
increase to over ` 22.5 lakh
crore as against an expenditure of ` 13.1 lakh crore during the
Eleventh
Plan.
Table 11.1 : Growth in core industries and infrastructure
services (in per cent)
Sl. Sector 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 No.
(April-Dec.)
1 Power 6.3 2.5 6.8
5.7 9.3
3 Finished steel 6.8 13.2 3.2 9.6 5.7
4 5 Cement 7.8 7.6 10.1 4.3 5.1
7 Railway revenue-earning
freight traffic 9.0 4.9 6.6 3.8 4.7
6 Petroleum:
a)
Crude oil 0.4 -1.8 0.5 11.9 1.9
b)
Refinery 6.5 3.0 -0.4 3.0 4.1
c) Natural gas 2.1 1.4 44.8 9.9 -8.8
NEGATIVE
10 Telecommunications:
Cell phone connections 38.3 80.9 47.3 18.0 -51.0
11 Roads: Upgradation of highways*
i) NHAI
164.6 30.9 21.4 -33.3 8.9
ii)
NH(O) & BRDB 12.5 17.3 4.0 -6.8 -36.5
2 Coal 6.0 8.2 8.0 0.0 -2.7
Fertilizers -8.6 -2.6 13.2 1.0 -0.5
NH(O) stands for National Highways Organization and BRDB for the
Border Roads Development
Board(BRDB).
Thermal power generation during April-December 2011.
2010 2011
Billion KWh) Growth
(%)
Coal 423.554 9.17
Lignite 19.567 3.82
Gas turbine
72.198 -4.0 66
Diesel 1.797 -13.07 - -
Thermal total
517.1 166.65
72.88 72.10
Power Generation by Utilities (Billion KWh)
April-December Growth
2010-11
2011-12 (per cent)
Power generation 653.446 9.23
Hydroelectric 107. 19.23
Thermal 517 6.65
Nuclear 23.790 33.24
Bhutan IMPORT 5.028 -6.19
·
The deficit in power supply in terms of peak
availability and total energy availability declined during the Eleventh Five
Year Plan
The
Eleventh Five Year Plan initially envisaged
1. a capacity addition of 78,700 MW, of which 19.9 per cent was hydro,
75.8 per cent thermal, and the rest nuclear.
2. Mta , the target was revised to 62,374 MW with
Thermal 50,757 MW,
Hydro , 8,237, and
Nuclear 3,380
A
capacity addition of 46,669.7 MW has so far been achieved until 15 January
2012.
The
Ministry of Power launched an initiative for development of coal-based super
critical UMPPs,
each of
about 4000 MW capacity, under Case II bidding route. Four UMPPs at
Sasan
in Madhya Pradesh,
Mundra
in Gujarat,
Krishnapatnam in Andhra Pradesh, and Tilaiya
in Jharkhand have already been transferred to the identified developers and are
at different stages of implementation. One unit of 800 MW of the Mundra UMPP is
expected to be commissioned in the Eleventh Plan.
Hydro
During
the Eleventh Five Year Plan, initially hydro capacity addition of 15,627 MW was
planned
which
at the time of MTA of the plan was revised to 8,237 MW. Of this, 5,302 MW has
been added till
31
December 2011.
·
The main reasons for slow development of
hydro-power include difficult and inaccessible potential sites, difficulties in
land acquisition, rehabilitation, environmental and forestrelated issues,
inter-state issues, geological surprises, and contractual issues.
COAL
·
The lower growth in production during the current
year and last year is primarily due to environmental restrictions, application
of the comprehensive environmental pollution index (CEPI),
·
non-availability of forestry clearance against
some of the projects,poor law and order situation in some states andexcessive
rainfall in the coal-mining areas.
·
Lower domestic production increased dependency on
imports and in 2010-11, 68.9 MT of coal was IMPORTED
Rural
Electrification
11.22 Under the Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran
Yojana (RGGVY), 1,00,917 villages have been
electrified
and free electricity connections releasedto 179.41 lakh below poverty line (BPL) households
up to
31 December 2011.
·
. During the Eleventh Plan period, as on 31
December 2011, 343 projects have been
sanctioned for implementation at a cost of `16,784.06 crore
PETROLEUM
Shale Gas
11.27
Shale gas can emerge as an important new source of energy in the country. India
has several
shale
formations which seem to hold shale gas. These formations are spread over
several
·
sedimentary basins such as Cambay, Gondwana, Krishna-Godawari, and Cauvery.
·
·
The Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH) has
initiated steps to identify prospective areas for shale gasexploration. A
multi-organizational team (MOT) of DGH,
·
Oil and
Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Oil India Limited (OIL), and Gas Authority of
India Limited (GAIL) has been formed by the government for analysing the
existing data set and suggesting
·
the methodology for shale gas development in
India. Further, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas has signed a
memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the USA on 6 October 2010 for assessment
of shale gas resources in India, imparting training to Indian geo-scientists
and engineers, and
Rajiv
Gandhi Gramin LPG Vitaran Yojana
(RGGLVY)
Vision
2015 adopted for the LPG sector inter alia focuses on raising the population
coverage of
LPG in
rural areas and areas where LPG coverage is low. The RGGLVY for small size LPG
distribution
agencies
has been launched on 16 October 2009. Under this scheme 5.5 crore new LPG
connections
are to
be released to cover 75 per cent population as LPG users by 2015.
RAILWAYS
11.41
The Ministry of Railways Vision 2020 document envisages the railway sector's
share in
the GDP
·
to increase from the existing level of 1 per cent
to about 3 per cent and its revenues to grow by 10 per cent annually over the
next ten years.
·
Some of the major goals set for 2020 in the
document include (a) laying of 25,000 km of new Lines;
·
(b)
quadrupling of the 6,000 km network with segregation of passenger and freight
lines;
·
(c)
electrification of 14,000 km;
·
(d) completion of gauge conversion;
·
(e)
upgradation of speed to 160-200 kmph for passenger trains; Government of Japan
·
(f) construction of 2,000 km of high-speed rail
lines.
A High
Level Safety Review Committee was constituted on 16 September 2011 under the
chairmanship of Dr Anil Kakodkar,
former Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Department of Atomic
Energy, to look into all technical and technology-related aspects in connection
with safe running of train services in the country.
Adarsh
stations
Till
December 2011 450 Adarsh stations had been completed with basic facilities
·
such as drinking water,adequate toilets, catering
services, waiting rooms and dormitories especially
for lady passengers.
·
The computerized
passenger reservation system (PRS) of Indian Railways is the largest passenger reservation
network in the world.
A new
concept of development of MFCs Multifunctional
Complex
(MFC)
with budget hotels was introduced in the Rail Budget 2009-10, so that important
facilities may
be
available to rail users in a separate complex in the vicinity of the
circulating area on station premises
BY NOW
THERE ARE 22 OF THEM.
The DFC Project envisaging
·
a Western DFC (1,499 km) from Mumbai to
Rewari/Dadri to cater largely to the container
transport requirement and an
·
Eastern DFC (1,839 km) from Dankuni to Ludhiana,
largely to serve coal and steel traffic
·
is being implemented by the Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Ltd. (DFCCIL), a PSU under the Ministry
of Railways.
·
The project is being implemented through a mix of
bilateral/ multilateral debt, budgetary support, and PPP, with a debt equity
ratio of 2:1.
·
Major portions of Western Corridor are being
funded with Japanese assistance and
·
Eastern Corridor with World Bank assistance.
Construction work has commenced in both the corridors. The corridors are
targeted for completion in the terminal year of the Twelfth Plan.
·
Policy
Initiatives for attracting private capital
·
Once finalized, the policy would replace the existing Railways Infrastructure for Industry
Initiative (R3i) and Railways Policy for Connectivity to Coal
and Iron Ore Mines (R2CI) policies for private investments in rail
connectivity projects
ROADS
National
Highways Development Project
(NHDP)
11.54
·
About 22 per cent of the total length of National
Highways (NHs) is single lane/ intermediate lane,
·
53 per
cent is two lane standard, and the
·
balance 25 per cent is four lane standard or
more.
·
In 2011-12, the achievement under various phases
of the NHDP up to December, 2011 has been about 1,250 km and projects have been
awarded for a total length of about 4,374.9 km.
Financing of the NHDP
11.55 A
part of the fuel cess imposed on petrol and diesel is allocated to the NHAI for
funding the
implementation
of the NHDP. The NHAI leverages the cess flow to borrow additional funds from
the
debt
market.
·
Till date, such borrowings have been limited to
funds raised through 54 EC (capital gains tax exemption) bonds and the
short-term overdraft facility.
·
Government has also taken loans fo R financing
projects under the NHDP from the World
bank (US$ 1,965 million), Asian
Development Bank (US$ ,1605 million) and
Japan Bank for International Cooperation (32,060 million yen) which are
passed
·
Special
Accelerated Road Development Programme for North-East region (SARDP-NE)
·
The SARDP-NE aims at improving road connectivity
to state capitals, district headquarters,and remote places of the north-east
region.
·
It envisages two /four laning of about 4,798 km
of NHs and two laning/ improvement of about 5,343 km of state roads.
·
This will
ensure connectivity of 88 district headquarters in the north-eastern states
through two-lane NHs / two-lane state roads.
·
The programme
has been divided into Phase A and Phase B and the Arunachal Pradesh package of
Roads & Highways.
Initiatives
for development of the entire NH network to minimum acceptable two-lane standards
·
11.59 The Eleventh Plan had envisaged accelerated
efforts to bring the NH network up to
·
a minimum two-lane standard by the end of the
Twelfth Plan and for removing existing deficiencies.
·
The MoRTH has proposed a World Bank loan and
budgetary allocations to reach this goal by December 2014.
Development
of roads in Left Wing Extremism (LWE)-affected areas
Construction of rural roads under the Pradhan
Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna
(PMGSY)
11.64
The PMGSY was launched to provide single all-weather road connectivity to
eligible unconnected
habitations
having population of 500 persons and above in plain areas and 250 persons and
above in
hill
states, tribal (Schedule V) areas, desert (as identified in the Desert
Development Programme)
areas,
and LWE-affected districts as identified by the Ministry of Home Affairs.
·
Bharat Nirman proposes to provide new
connectivity to a total of 54,648 habitations, involving construction of 1,
46,184 km of rural roads
CIVIL AVIATION
·
Air passenger and cargo traffic 11.66 Air traffic
in India continues to register
·
significantly higher rates of growth averaging
18.5 per cent in the last seven years.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
·
11.69 The Indian telecom sector has witnessed
tremendous growth over the past decade. Today,
·
the Indian telecom network is the second largest in the world after China.
·
Teledensity is an important indicator of telecom
penetration in the country. Teledensity has increased from 18.2 per cent in
March 2007 to 76.86 per cent in December 2011.
·
Delhi (235.6 per cent), Mumbai (188.95 per cent),
Kolkata (168.45 per cent), Chennai (170.18 per cent), and Himachal Pradesh
(118.63 per cent) have high teledensity,
·
in some circles suchas Bihar (47.17 per cent) and Assam (45.85 per cent), it is very
low.
·
However, broadband
has lagged behindthe growth of telephones in India. Special efforts are being
made to increase its penetration, especially in rural and remote areas
·
Recognizing the vital role that
information communication technology (ICT) can play in the empowerment of rural
women, a scheme called Sanchar Shakti has been
launched in March 2011 for pilot projects aimed at facilitating access of
self-help groups (SHGs) to ICTenabled services. Financial support from the USO Fund is to be provided towards
value added services VAS) subscriptions
for SHGs in accordance with the provisions of underlying subsidy agreements.
·
At present
memorandums of understanding (MoUs) have been signed forproof of concept (PoC)
for nine mobile VAS projects in the
states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Andhra
Pradesh, Rajasthan, and the Union Territory of Puducherry.
he
Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) was established with the fundamental
objective of providing people in rural and remote areas access to 'basic'
telephony services at affordable prices.
OTHER
PROJECT.
1. broadband connectivity Optical fibre cables (OFC) in rural and remote areas.
1. provide sufficient back-haul
capacityto integrate voice and data traffic from thaccess network in rural
areas to their corenetwork by strengthening the OFC network
1. will provide connectivity to various public institutions like gram
panchayats, primary health centres PHCs), and schools in rural areas
Box 11.1 : Draft National Telecom Policy (NTP)
2. The Government is in the process of finalizing the new National
Telecom Policy. Draft of the policy was circulated in 2011
3. for consultation with various stake holders. Views/Comments from
these stake holders have been received and the same
4. are under consideration. NTP is likely to be in place by June
2012. The Draft NTP proposes to provide a stable, rational,
5. and objective policy regime over the next decade or so and
contains the following salient features:
6. To make available secure, reliable and affordable voice telephony
and high speed broadband services to every citizen
7. in India with special focus on rural and remote areas.
8. To improve the broadband experience by enhancing the speed of
delivery.
9. To make India a global hub of manufacturing for all electronic
products including telecom equipment with substantial
10. value addition with in the country and safeguard security concerns
of the nation.
11. For simplification and rationalisation of licensing regime,
transparent system for allocation of spectrum and enable
12. efficient usage of spectrum.
13. For discovery of price of spectrum through market related
processes.
14. To achieve One Nation- Full Mobile Number Portability.
15. To enable free roaming throughout the country.
16. To harness full potential of mobile phones for enabling provision
of citizen centric services related to education, health,
17. employment, agriculture, entertainment, banking & insurance
services, skil upgradation, vocational training etc.
18. To encourage indigenous manufacture of cost effective mobile
devices.
19. The faster roll out of high speed and reliable broadband in rural
and urban areas will enable decentralised governance,
20. participative democracy and delivery of basic services such as
health and education to every citizen of the country. The
21. thrust on manufacturing will promote entrepreneurship, create more
job opportunities, reduce imports and improve
22. security. Efficient usage of scarce resources like spectrum will
result in better quality of service to the customers at
23. affordable cost.
24. The new policy regime will be beneficial to end consumers/citizens,
Telecom Service Providers, Value Added Service
25. Providers, Government and Manufacturers.
MARITIME
PORTS
·
FDI up to 100 per cent under the automatic route
is permitted for construction and maintenance of ports.
·
URBAN
INFRASTRUCTURE
·
Urban Infrastructure and Governance
·
11.83 The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission (JNNURM) has been launched bythe Ministry of Urban Development for a
seven-year period (i.e. up to March 2012) to encourage citiesto initiate steps
to bring about improvements in a phased manner in existing civic service
levels.
·
The components under the sub-mission Urban
Infrastructure and Governance (UIG) include urban renewal, water supply
(including desalination plants), sanitation, sewerage and solid waste
management, urban transport, development of heritage areas, and preservation of
water bodies.
·
Revised allocation for
·
. The JNNURM
·
has also emphasized the implementation of the
following three mandatory pro-poor key reforms to enhance the capacity of urban
local bodies (ULBs):
·
Internal earmarking within local body budgets for basic services to
the urban poor,
Internal earmarking within local body budgets
for
basic services to the urban poor
Earmarking
of at least 20-25 per cent of developed land in all housing projects (both
public
and private agencies) for the economically weaker sections (EWS)/ low income
groups
(LIG)
category
Implementation
of a seven-point charter:
·
Provision of seven basic entitlements/services
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