Natural gas

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, with up to 20 %^[1] of other hydrocarbons as well as impurities in varying amounts such as carbon dioxide.

• Natural gas is widely used as an important energy source in many applications including heating buildings, generating electricity, providing heat and power to industry, as fuel for vehicles and as a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of products such as plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals.

Natural gas is found in deep underground natural rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs, in coal beds, and as methane clathrates. Most natural gas was created over time by two mechanisms: biogenic and thermogenic.

• Biogenic gas is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, landfills, and shallow sediments.

• Deeper in the earth, at greater temperature and pressure, thermogenic gas is created from buried organic material.^[2][3]

Before natural gas can be used as a fuel, it must undergo processing to clean the gas and remove impurities including water in order to meet the specifications of marketable natural gas.

The by-products of processing include ethane, propane, butanes, pentanes, and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulphide (which may be converted into pure sulfur), carbon dioxide, water vapor, and sometimes helium and nitrogen.
Natural gas is often informally referred to simply as gas, especially when compared to other energy sources such as oil or coal.